1.Maximum Holding Torque

The holding torque is the maximum holding power (torque)the motor has when power (rated current) is being supplied but the motor is not rotating (with consideration given to the permissible strength of the gear when applicable).

2. Rotor Inertia

3.Rated Current

The rated current is determined by motor temperature rise.It is the current value that can flow to the motor coils continuously at motor standstill.

4. Basic Step Angle

The step angle is the angular distance (in degrees)that the motor moves at the input of one pulse from the driver.

5. Gear Ratio

This is the ratio in rotation speed between the input speed from the motor and the speed of the gear output shaft.

6. Permissible Torque

The permissible torque represents the torque value limited by the mechanical strength of the gear when operated at a constant speed.The total torque including acceleration/deceleration torque should not exceed this value.

7.Maximum Torque

8. Backlash

The play of gear output shaft when the motor shaft is fixed.When positioning in bi-direction, the positioning accuracy is affected.

9. Angular Transmission Error

Angular transmission error is the difference between the theoretical angle of rotation of the output shaft, as calculated from the input pulse count, and actual angle of rotation.

10. Permissible Speed Range

This is the rotation speed that the motor can be operated at with the gear output shaft.

1. Do your motors have speed-torque curves?

A:  Each of our motor models measures speed-torque curves. You can submit an inquiry to tell us which product curve you need and our application engineering team will let you know if a speed/torque curve is available.

2. Why does the motor make noise

A:  To meet our customers' needs for low noise motors, some of our motors are designed for quiet operation. This is achieved through our proprietary motor design methodology and material selection. If a motor becomes noisy, there are many factors to consider, such as how the motor is mounted in the application, the motor's operating load and speed, etc. Another consideration is the type of bearing selected for the motor and/or geared motor. If the application has noise requirements, the audible noise level of the proposed motor/geared motor selection should be thoroughly tested in the design before making the final selection.

3. Is the shaft on the motor customizable?

A:  Yes, we have a professional and reliable development team that can customize the motor for you according to your needs. In addition to the shaft on the motor, you can also contact us for more customizable solutions

4. Are your motors/gearboxes able to withstand industrial application environments?

A:  Our products are used in a variety of industrial environments such as automation, robotics, medical equipment, industrial equipment, office areas, etc. If your application requires a motor/gearbox that can be used in extreme environments, then please consult our application engineers to select the best product for your application.

5. What are the advantages of brushless DC motors (BLDC motors) against brushed DC motors?

A:  Compared to brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors (BLDC motors), have no brushes and commutators and have mechanical contacts. Therefore it: 1. can be maintenance-free and has a long service life; 2. is low-noise; and 3. can operate at high speeds

6. What is the material of a brush in a DC motor?

A:  A brush is usually made of metal, carbon and metal-carbon composition. Some metal brushes apply precious metals such as gold on a contact surface with a commutator. The material for a brush is carefully chosen considering electric voltage/current and from economical aspects.

7. What does the customer need to communicate before customizing the motor?

A:  In order to improve the efficiency and our service quality, customers can introduce us to the following aspects before customizing the motor.

1. The main specifications of the customized motor parameters requirements, such as motor diameter, shaft diameter, voltage, speed and other basic information.

2. The specific application of the motor, that is, the motor is to be used in what products, movement, work operating environment, etc. This can help engineers in their own technical library to search for the application of the industry motor solutions to speed up the progress of technical evaluation.

3. The expected number of motor requirements, motor customization confirmation time is long (sometimes need to die sinking), so there are certain requirements for the number of custom projects, but the specific situation can be assessed by contacting our engineers.

Dear customer：

RB Motor makes every effort to provide customers with the highest quality products, but sometimes, returns and repairs are inevitable. If customers need to return or repair, please notify our customer service team in a timely manner. When the customer service department receives a customer notification that the product needs to be returned, the customer service department will notify the quality department in the form of WeChat, email, etc.

Quality department based on the return information provided by the customer service department, communicate with the customer to determine the form of processing：

• Return to RB Motor

  
  

Customer service department will communicate with customer, confirm the return of products to RB Motor, print the “Material Reject Bill (MRB)”, notify our warehouse and quality department, the warehouse will make storage procedures; quality department of the returned motor for preliminary analysis, if required, call the relevant departments, can include development, engineering, production and other departments, MRB meeting review:

Determine the cause of bad and bad motor treatment, if determined as the company's responsibility, there are generally rework, selection, scrap, replacement, compensation, etc.; if determined as the responsibility of the customer, need to describe the basis for judgment。our customer service department will communicate with clients.

Determine the handling of the customer, company warehouse inventory, production line (if present) related inventory items.

If the returned motor needs to be reworked/selected, it is necessary to determine the method and material requirements and handling; PMC establishes the rework/selection production work order; the production department will collect the defective motor from the warehouse and execute rework and selection according to the "Production Process Control Procedures"; the reworked/selected finished product is put into storage after passing the quality inspection according to the "Process & Shipping Inspection and Test Control Procedures".

Determine the corrective and preventive measures for the defective, according to the "Corrective Prevention and Continuous Improvement Control Procedures", the quality department tracking verification.

Print out the MRB and deliver it to the warehouse together with the returned finished motor, and at the same time notify the quality department, the warehouse management will first count and receive it into the warehouse.

• Scrapped by customer

Returned goods are scrapped by the customer, after the sales department and quality department in charge of assessing the cost of small quantities of returned goods, the two department heads can sign on the return record to scrap the returned goods that are still on the customer's side and have not been assessed.

• Returned goods are reworked by the customer

Customer Service Department to consider the number of returns, the cost of returning goods to RB Motor, rework and delivery of reworked goods time, the cost of reworking the returned goods by the customer, after taking into account the quality and cost and other elements, communicate with the customer, after the customer agrees to further determine the method of reworking and reworking costs.

What's in a gearbox?

A gearbox is always a fully integrated mechanical component consisting of a series of mating gears contained in a housing with shafts and bearings (to support and resolve loads) and in many cases a flange for motor mounting.

What Is Gearbox And Its Function?

The gearbox is a mechanical device used to increase the output torque or to change the speed (RPM) of a motor. The shaft of the motor is connected to one end of the gearbox and through the internal configuration of gears of a gearbox, provides a given output torque and speed determined by the gear ratio.

Where Are Gearboxes Used?

Gearboxes are used in many applications including machine tools, industrial equipment, conveyors, and really any rotary motion power transmission application that requires changes to torque and speed requirements.

Why Gearbox Is Used With Motor?

A gearbox can be added to a motor to drastically decrease speed and/or increase torque.

How Does Gearbox Work?

It drives the individual gears on the main shaft, which rotate freely on the bearings. Thus, the gearbox passes the drive to the wheels depending upon the gear which engages on the main shaft. When you push the shifter-sleeve towards the desired gear, that gear locks onto the main shaft and rotates it.

What Is The Difference Between A Gearbox And A Transmission?

The difference between gearbox and transmission is that, while these two are two separated units, the transmission refers to the whole drivetrain which includes gearbox, clutch, prop shaft, final drive shafts, and differential.

What Is Gearbox Ratio?

Does Gearbox Increase Speed?

Gearboxes reduce speed and increase torque. Whilst there are occasionally gearboxes that will increase speed and reduce torque, in the vast majority of cases, a gearbox will be used to reduce the shaft speed of a motor and increase the torque.

How Do You Calculate Gearbox Kw？

Motor power = torque ÷ 9550 × Rated power’s motor input speed /Ratio /service factor.

1.

What is Gearbox？

2.

How it works?

An electric or hydraulic motor is applied to one end of the gearbox, while the energy is converted into low-speed drive torque at the other end. Inside the box, the materials used have a long service life, which supports enormous strength.

3.

Types of Gearboxes？

Gears generally rely on rotation to achieve mechanism motion, so each gear will have a gear axis. According to the motion of the gear axis, the gears can be divided into two categories: fixed shaft gear (representing the design of duplex gear gearbox) and turnover gear (representing the design of planetary gear gearbox)

Duplex gear are mainly utilized where any backlash is unwanted or can be harmful, to maintain repeated high precision positioning in both directions, to prevent impulse loaded damage, and when the contact flanks are alternating. Common applications of duplex gear gearboxes include: rotary and tilting tables, milling machines, and presses.

A stepper motor is a motor that rotates in discrete steps. Each step of the movement is precise and repeatable. Therefore, the position of the motor can be precisely controlled without any feedback mechanism, provided that the motor is sized to the application. This type of control does not require expensive sensing and feedback devices, such as optical encoders, and simply tracks the input stepper pulses to know the position. The position is known simply by tracking the incoming stepping pulses. This is one of the most versatile forms of positioning system. They are often controlled digitally as part of an open-loop system and are simpler and more robust than closed-loop servo systems.

Energising the coil winding produces an electromagnetic field with north and south poles. The magnetic field generated by the winding The magnetic field generated by the winding will align the magnetised rotor with the magnetic field, as the different poles attract each other.

The direction of the magnetic field can be altered to create the rotation of the rotor.

The diagram above shows a common 'two-phase pass' stepping where both phases are always energised. In this stepping mechanism, the rotor is balanced between the two poles. This method of stepping gives 41.4% more torque than 'single phase pass' stepping, but requires twice the input power

Advantages and disadvantages of stepper motors

1、What is DC Motor?

A DC motor is any type of rotating motor that converts direct current energy into mechanical energy. The most common type relies on the force generated by a magnetic field. Almost all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of the current in parts of the motor. Many applications that require control of speed or torque use DC motors because the control system of DC motors is easier to implement than AC motors

2、Different Parts of DC motor

Rotor （Rotating part：armature winding）

The rotor of a DC motor is a cylinder composed of mutually insulated magnetic sheets. The rotor is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and is a rotating part that rotates on its axis and is separated from the field coil by an air gap.

Stator （Static part：Permanent magnet）

The stator of a DC motor is a non-moving part on which a magnetic field is wound to produce a magnetic field. This electromagnet has a cylindrical cavity between its two poles.

Commutator

The commutator of a DC motor is a cylindrical structure consisting of copper segments stacked on top of each other but insulated from each other with mica. The main function of the commutator is to supply current to the armature winding.

Brushes

The brushes of a DC motor are made of graphite and carbon structures. These brushes conduct the current from the external circuit to the rotating commutator.

3、HOW A DC MOTOR WORKS

When a DC supply is connected the armature winding, an electric current sets up in the armature conductors which experience a force due to the magnetic field. One side of armature conductor under North-pole carries current in one direction whereas the other side under South-pole carries current in the opposite direction and hence force on each side will act opposite to each other. Therefore, if one side of the armature moves in upward direction, the other side will move in the downward direction which results in a driving torque rotating the armature in clockwise direction. When the conductor moves from one side of a brush to the other, the current in that conductor is reversed. At the same time, it comes under the influence of the next pole which is of opposite polarity. Consequently, the direction of the force on the conductor remains unchanged. It should be noted that the commutator reverses the current in each conductor as it passes from one pole to another which helps to develop a continuous and unidirectional torque in order to keep rotating the rotor. Otherwise, the direction of the force would have reversed every time when the conductor comes under the influence of opposite magnetic pole.

When the armature of a DC motor rotates, the conductors also cut the magnetic flux lines and hence an emf induces in the armature winding according to the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The direction of this induced emf is such that it opposes the armature current and hence called back-emf.

4、Two types of DC motors (DC motors)

• （BLDC）Brushless Direct Motors

• Brushed Direct Current (DC) Motors

Comparison of Brushed DC motor and brushless DC （BLDC） motor

1、What is Core-less Motor (Hollow-Shaft) Motor ?

无芯直流电动机，是直流电动机的一种特殊形式。这些电机用于需要小型电机和快速加速的地方。与普通直流电机相比, 这种类型的电机有一个没有任何铁芯的转子，因此被称为无芯。

下图是空心杯直流有刷电机示意图：

Instead of the heavy iron core, in a core-less DC electric motor you’ll find:

• Housing which guides the magnetic field and acts as a magnetic return path.

• A hollow cylinder, also called a basket, with copper coils wound in a self-supporting honeycomb or skewed pattern.

• The permanent magnet fits inside the basket and therefore sits inside the rotor. An air gap separates the magnet and the housing. The magnet produces the magnetic field.

• Brushes and commutators are usually made of precious metals.

• Bearings that support the rotor so it can rotate around the magnet.

2、Advantages and Disadvantages of a Coreless Motor

Advantage：

• The high efficiency is paired with a compact design that is lighter compared to many other motors on the market. Core-less motors typically have less current loss, making them more efficient overall than the types with iron cores.

• Low draw current: It does not draw as much current as some other motors, so when powered by a battery, the battery will last longer.

• Because the Core-less motor has a lighter rotor, it does not cause as much inertia as other motors, so acceleration and deceleration can be handled quickly.

• No cogging，core-less motors do not create a misalignment of the rotor and stator magnetic circuit. This means that the motor can run very smoothly.

• Safe and durable, since there is no iron core, there is less chance of arcing and sparking between the brushes and commutator as often happens in cored motors, there will not be much electromagnetic interference (EMI), and the hollow cup motor will have a longer service life.

• Easy to control, users can easily control the motor and manage its speed.

• Low noise level and quiet operation.
  

Disadvantage：

In a core-less electric motor there’s no heat sink for the winding, so to cool the machine down, your DC motor’s housing must have good thermal conductivity. This is especially important if your motor will often speed up and slow down in rapid succession.

In the case of overheating, the motor will break down because the windings’ bonding adhesive will lose its efficacy. Thus, core-less DC motors won’t be able to handle an overloaded system as well as a cored motor.

3、The Many Applications of Core-less Motors

• The healthcare industry

• Robotics

• Automation & Actuators

• Laboratories

• Office equipment

Due to the different BLDC brushless motors in practical applications, it is often necessary to have Hall sensors. Here's a quick lookBrushless DC motor with Hall sensorAdvantages and disadvantages of the sensorless and sensorless:

　　Brushless motors with the advantages of Hall sensors：

　　1、The Hall sensor is installed inside, which can detect the position of the rotor and start smoothly;

　　2、The motor can start at zero speed due to the Hall sensor.

　　Shortcoming：

　　1、The price is higher than without Hall;

　　2、The construction is more complex than the absence of Hall.

　　Brushless motor without Hall advantages：

　　1.Longer life and reliability because no Hall can be damaged;

　　2.The cost is low, because there is no Hall, and there is no Hall bracket.

　　3.Manufacturing is simpler, and conventional motors need to adjust the Hall angle.

　　Shortcoming：

　　1.The start is not smooth, because there is no Hall to detect the rotor position, so the drive part needs to do zero point current detection, resulting in vibration when the motor starts, or even unable to start;

　　2.It is not suitable for applications with large loads or large load changes;

　　3.There are Hall drives that cannot drive such motors.

The above is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of BLDC brushless motors with Hall sensors and brushless motors without Hall, brushless motors can be optionally equipped with Hall sensors, drives, encoders and gearboxes according to customer requirements.